Tavisha Budhiraja, Vaishnavi Bhati, Grisha Bhatia, Saumay Shashank, Anshul Kumar and Anupama Rajput
Abstract
The Yamuna River is one of the most important freshwater resources in Delhi, supporting domestic, agricultural, and industrial activities. However, rapid urbanization, population growth, untreated sewage, industrial discharge, and surface runoff have severely affected its water quality. This study evaluates seasonal variations in water quality at the ISBT -Kashmere Gate stretch of the Yamuna River, one of the most polluted sections in Delhi. Water samples were analyzed using selected Physico-chemical parameters, including dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, temperature, pH, iodine, aluminium, silica, chemical oxygen demand, and ammonia. These parameters were examined to understand changes in water quality under different seasonal conditions. The analysis shows noticeable variation in several water quality parameters across seasons. Lower river flow during the dry period was associated with reduced dilution, while increased monsoon flow produced some improvement in water conditions. However, the overall observations indicate continued influence from sewage discharge, urban runoff, and other human activities. The study provides an assessment of the present water quality condition of the selected stretch and emphasizes the importance of regular monitoring, improved wastewater treatment, and appropriate management measures for maintaining the ecological condition of the river.