Aranya Jha, Yatung Subu and Ajeya Jha
Abstract
Himalayan black bears (Ursus thibetanus) are widely distributed across the Himalayan region and are generally recognized as omnivorous mammals mainly dependent on plant-based food. However, their hunting and predatory behavior has received far less scientific attention compared to other large carnivores. The present study reviews available literature and expert observations to understand how Himalayan black bears hunt different types of prey under varying environmental conditions. Findings indicate that these bears are highly opportunistic feeders and rely on flexible hunting strategies rather than specialized predatory adaptations. Small mammals such as rodents, pikas, and hares formed the most common prey items, while insects and scavenged carcasses also contributed significantly to their animal diet. Occasional predation on livestock and wild herbivores was observed mainly during periods of food scarcity or pre hibernation feeding. The study further highlights the importance of climbing, digging, ambush behavior, and scavenging in their feeding ecology. Seasonal variation strongly influenced hunting activity, with increased animal feeding reported during spring and autumn. Overall, the review suggests that Himalayan black bears are adaptable and energy-efficient predators whose feeding behavior plays an important ecological role in maintaining balance within Himalayan forest ecosystems.