Ruchika, Amit Dhankar, Shwet Sahni, Shivani Sharma, Simranjeet Kaur and Devvart Rana
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during the Rabi season of 2024â25 at Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University) Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, to evaluate the effect of organic nutrient sources and their combinations on the yield and economics of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with ten treatments comprises T1-Farmyard Manure, T2-Vermicompost, T3 Jivamrit soil application twice, T4- Jivamrit foliar spray twice @ 500 l ha-¹ at tillering and jointing stages, T5 Jivamrit soil application twice + Jivamrit spray twice, T6- Ghanjivamrit application twice @ 500 kg ha-¹ as basal dose and at first irrigation + Jivamrit spray twice, T7 â Jivamrit soil application twice + Panchgavya seed soaking + two Panchgavya foliar sprays (3%) at tillering and jointing stages, T8âJivamrit soil application twice + Panchgavya seed soaking + three Panchgavya foliar sprays (3%) at tillering, jointing and flowering stages, T9 â RDF (60:30:30) and T10âControl. Results revealed that RDF recorded the highest grain (3814 kg ha-¹) and straw (6250 kg ha-¹). Among the organic treatments, Jivamrit soil application twice combined with Panchgavya seed treatment and three foliar sprays at tillering, jointing, and flowering stages (T8) produced the highest grain (3291 kg ha-¹) and straw yield (5979 kg ha-¹). Economic analysis indicated that T8 generated the highest net returns (121,686 ha-¹) and benefit-cost ratio (2.43) among organic treatments, while T7 Exhibited the highest marginal benefit-cost ratio (57.5). The study demonstrated that integrated application of Jivamrit and Panchgavya significantly improved wheat productivity and profitability and can serve as a sustainable alternative to conventional nutrient management practices under the agro-climatic conditions of north eastern Haryana.