V. Kumar, A. Ratnu and A. Soni
Abstract
Traditional grain storage systems in arid regions play a critical role in ensuring food security under conditions of climatic uncertainty and resource scarcity. This study examines kothi and kinnara, two traditional grain storage structures of western Rajasthan, as geo-ecological systems shaped by environmental conditions, material availability, and indigenous knowledge. Adopting a qualitative, ethnographic, and material-based analytical approach, the research documents construction processes, material selection, and functional design through field observations and interviews. The findings reveal that the effectiveness of these structures lies in the integration of locally sourced materials, such as clay, animal dung, agricultural residues, and arid vegetation, with preparation techniques including fermentation, controlled layering, and tension-based assembly. These processes enhance structural cohesion, regulate temperature and moisture, and provide resistance to pests and microbial activity. Structural features such as elevated bases, airtight sealing, and layered canopies further contribute to maintaining a stable internal micro-environment essential for long-term grain preservation. The study demonstrates that these systems embody climate-adaptive, low-energy technologies grounded in empirical knowledge. By linking environment, material properties, and construction practices, they offer valuable insights into sustainable and resilient storage solutions relevant to contemporary climate adaptation strategies.