R. Ramya and S. Thillainatarajan
Abstract
This study investigates the effectiveness of a low-cost activated carbon (EVAC), prepared from Erythrina variegata stem residues, for the removal of Malachite Green (MG) dye from aqueous solutions. Batch adsorption experiments revealed that factors such as adsorbent dosage, contact time, and solution pH significantly influence the removal efficiency. Kinetic data followed a pseudo-second-order model, while the equilibrium data showed strong correlation with the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin Radush-kevich isotherms. These results suggest that EV-AC is a sustainable and viable alternative for the treatment of dye-contaminated wastewater.