D. Yadav, P. Kumari, A. Kumar and V. Kumar, Deepti Yadav, Priya Kumari, Amit Kumar and Vijay Kumar
Abstract
The term âpesticidesâ refers to a range of substances used to eliminate pests, including insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides. While effective against pests, these chemicals pose serious risks to non-target organisms, including humans. Pesticides generate free radicals that lead to reactive oxygen species (ROS), disrupting biological pathways and causing oxidative DNA damage. Exposure can impair growth, weaken immunity, and negatively affect reproduction, resulting in significant changes to various tissues. This review examines pesticide definitions, classification, and toxicity, as well as the factors influencing their impact on human health. It highlights the consequences of genetic alterations, cancer risk, reproductive toxicity, and oxidative stress associated with pesticide exposure. By bringing attention to the harmful effects of pesticides, we emphasize the urgent need for greater awareness and action to protect animal health and the environment, advocating for safer alternatives.