THANGJAM BIPIN SINGH AND SAIKHOM SUMA
Abstract
The current research investigates the Physico-chemical characteristics and biological diversity of Kha-Potshangbam River, Manipur, India. The study was conducted on monthly basis starting from April 2024 to March 2025 across two sampling sites to assess physico-chemical parameters and the status of aquatic microphytes and fish. Analysis of water samples revealed that most parameters, including pH, Calcium, Magnesium, and Nitrate, remain within the prescribed permissible limits. However, Dissolved Oxygen (DO) levels were notably lower in the downstream site (mean 4.58 mg/l) compared to upstream site (mean 5.32 mg/l), reaching a decrease of 2.02mg/l in May, 24 indicating organic pollution. Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and Free CO2 were significantly higher downstream, suggesting increased anthropogenic pressure and water stagnation. Inorganic phosphate levels (0.165â0.213 mg/l) exceeded recommended standards for tributaries discharging into lakes, signaling eutrophication.33 species of macrophytes (belonging to 28 genera and 23 families) and 20 species of fish (belonging to 15 genera and 9 families) were recorded during the study period. The downstream area exhibited heavy macrophyte infestation, acting as a nutrient sink. The presence of widely distributed, pollution-tolerant species both in flora and fauna suggesting deterioration of ecological health of the river under study due to domestic sewage and agricultural runoff. The outcomes emphasize the need for daily monitoring and conservation strategies to protect riverâs biodiversity and overall ecological health.