POONAM SINGH, PRAGYA OJHA, PREETI SINGH3, VANSHIKA TEWARI, KAVITA BHATT AND VIJOY LAKSHMI
Abstract
Marine pollution with plastics has emerged as one of the biggest environmental issues in the 21st century and with severe effects on the ocean environments, biological diversity as well as economy. This pollution derives mainly from the increased use and production of plastic products accompanied by the poor management of waste products and their disposal. Other amplifiers include; urbanization, industrialization and dependency on single-use plastics that enhances the flow of plastics into the marine ecosystems and the palpable amounts continue to accumulate over time. Below are some of the effects of plastic pollution. Measures of Marine life risk include predation on plastic litter, trapping and health deterioration of their natural habitat. Microplastics which are derived from the degradation of other large polymer articles are seen in almost all environments and are consumed by marine organisms and consequently human beings. Also, plastic products affect aquatic life, diminish the speciesâ variety and threat the health of the seas as vital carbon sinks, worsening climate change. High losses in the fisheries, tourism, and coastal businesses are evident proving that there is need to adopt some measures to save the coast. To address this international problem, that is, poverty, more approaches are required. This can be taken through policies that seek to decommission plastic through restrictions on products that can be produced from the material for instance single-use plastics, and by encouraging companies to find environmentally friendly products to replace those produced from plastic. Improving waste management infrastructure, especially in high leakages areas, is one of the best ways of decreasing the rates of plastic entry in oceans. Beach cleaning and recycling projects help to make the public part of the solution. Globalization makes it easier for various countries to be held responsible by agreements made through organizations such as UNEP. The potential to use innovative technologies is also apparent. Innovations in apparatus for ocean cleansing, creation of biodegradable plastics and microbial breakdown of plastics are practical solutions to the problem. Additionally, awareness creation and community enlightenments together with publicity can alter consumer approach and encourage the culture of sustainability. Therefore, this extended analysis exemplifies that plastic pollution prevention in oceans is a challenging and acute problem. Thus, the analyzed approach to enhance the protection of marine ecosystems discussed in the paper assumes the prevention of negative impacts for human health and global economy, as well as the mitigation of negative actions, and active search for new initiatives.