RAO H.G., VERMA A.K., JAISWAL R., TRIPATHI A. AND KUSHWAHA G.
Abstract
Urbanization, industry, and overpopulation are worsening water quality, impacting human health. Contemporary lifestyles exert pressure on natural water supplies in both rural and urban settings, adversely affecting water quality. Furthermore, the use of contaminated water for domestic purposes has lasting negative effects on human civilization. This research evaluated the appropriateness of groundwater for residential use in Kushinagar district, India, during the pre and post-monsoon seasons. Samples underwent testing according to APHA guidelines for important measurements: pH (6.94-7.95), TDS (247-421 mg/l), EC (450.56-816.67 µS/cm), CO2 (19.76 42.6 mg/l), alkalinity (42.36-112.44 mg/l), hardness (365-654 mg/l), calcium (105.99-322 mg/l), DO (1.63-2.98 mg/l), BOD (0.36-2.53 mg/l), fluoride (0.35 to 0.96), and phosphorus (0.10 to 0.22). Most parameters complied with BIS drinking water standards, except calcium, hardness, and electrical conductivity, suggesting negligible mineral leaching or runoff post-monsoon. The WPI shows stable hydrochemistry for five out of six tehsils (A block in the district). Khadda tehsil shows the sharpest rise after the monsoon season. All five tehsils show WPI more than 1 in both seasons, classifying it in the âhighest pollutedâ water category, which shows water in the district is not potable without prior treatment.