G. Balaji, J. Meenambigai and D. Vengatesan
Abstract
The study aimed to assess the impact of climate variability on agricultural traditions and rural livelihoods in Tamil Nadu and also purpose of this study is to examine the adaptation strategies adopted by farmers in response. A descriptive research design was employed and the study was conducted in Chidambaram Taluk of Cuddalore District, Tamil Nadu. 60 paddy farmers were selected using a simple random sampling method, focusing on those who are all directly affected by climate-related challenges. Data were collected using a structured, pre-tested questionnaire adapted from Khunt (2022), which captured social, economic, cultural impacts and coping mechanisms. Responses were measured on a three-point scale and analyzed by using percentage analysis. The results from this study revealed that climate variability has significantly affected rural communities, disrupting traditional practices, increasing psychological stress and contributing to migration. Socially, 58.33 % of the respondents reported that shifting weather patterns disrupted traditional agricultural practices. Economically, 46.67 % of respondents experienced reduced income and rising input costs, leading to a growing dependence on non-farm livelihoods. Culturally, 50.00 % reported that changing cropping seasons affected traditional food habits and agricultural festivals, resulting in the gradual erosion of rural heritage. Regarding adaptation strategies, 80.00 % of farmers adjusted their sowing schedules, 63.33% practiced responsible use of insecticides and pesticides. These findings highlight the multidimensional impact of climate change and the urgent need for strengthened policy support, training and extension services to enhance farmersâ adaptive capacity and promote sustainable agriculture.