Shalini Srivastava and Piyush
Abstract
One of the key requirements for reducing emissions and meeting energy needs in India is transitioning to green hydrogen. This involves moving away from fossil-fuel-based feedstock and using green hydrogen as energy carriers. Hydrogen is a chemical that can be stored just like oil and gas. It becomes liquid under high pressure and cryogenic conditions. Unlike electricity stored in batteries, the energy content of hydrogen remains constant over a long period of time. Additionally, it is much easier to trade hydrogen overseas compared to electricity. The paper examines role of the hydrogen as a transition to clean energy, use of green hydrogen in various sectors like refining, fertilizers, iron & steel and bulk chemicals. It also analyses strategies and policies employed by the Government of India to drive the development and adoption of green hydrogen technologies. The paper also delves into the challenges and barriers such as production, technological constraints, infrastructure, storage, transportation and distribution, cost viability of producing green hydrogen from renewable sources, regulatory and policy framework, creating public awareness and adoption. The paper also presents the way forward for overcoming these challenges and how these challenges can be converted into an opportunity. The paper also discusses the importance of research and development of technologies for hydrogen production.