Jeevagan V., Karthika V. and Arunkumar N.
Abstract
Soil degradation from intensive agriculture and the overuse of inorganic fertilizers has raised global concerns associated with reduced crop yields and environmental pollution. Algae including cyanobacteria, micro, and macro-algae offer a sustainable solution as new age biofertilizers, capable of enhancing soil health and crop productivity. This review examines key mechanisms such as nitrogen fixation, secretion of phytohormones, bioactive compounds and organic compounds, and improvements in soil structure, texture, fertility and moisture retention. Notable species such as Anabaena, Nostoc, and microalgae consortia have demonstrated significant increases in nutrient availability and plant growth. Based on the current literature, algae based biofertilizers represent a promising component of integrated nutrient management and acting as a suitable biofertilizers for various crop needs.