Anjana N. and Moinuddin
Abstract
The present study evaluated the synergistic effects of Panchagavya foliar sprays combined with recommended doses of fertilizers (RDF) on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) productivity, resource use efficiency, and economic viability over two cropping seasons (2022-23 and 2023â24) in Uttarakhand. Sixteen treatment combinations were tested under a randomized block design. Significant enhancements (p < 0.001) in grain yield, straw yield, and harvest index were observed, particularly in T16, which recorded the highest grain yield (5.51 t/ha in 2022; 6.83 t/ha in 2023) and straw yield (5.02 t/ha in 2022; 7.59 t/ha in 2023). ANOVA confirmed significant interactions between Panchagavya concentration and fertilizer levels, indicating improved nutrient assimilation, photosynthetic efficiency, and grain filling. The highest harvest index values were recorded in T16 (42.39% in 2022; 42.37% in 2023), highlighting Panchagavyaâs role in biomass partitioning. Economic analysis revealed a maximum net return of 1,10,902/ha in T16 during 2023-nearly double that of the control. Intermediate RDF levels (50-75%) showed moderate gains, stressing the need for full RDF integration. The study concludes that 3% Panchagavya with 100% RDF significantly boosts wheat productivity and profitability, supporting its use in sustainable nutrient management and precision agriculture.