Krishnakumar Myala and Shwetha A.
Abstract
Butterflies serve as essential ecological indicators and pollinators, making them a valuable subject for biodiversity studies and environmental monitoring. The present study was conducted to assess butterfly diversity and population structure within the SSA Government First Grade College (Autonomous) campus, Ballari, Karnataka. From December 2024 to February 2025, systematic weekly surveys were carried out across five designated sites on campus. Observations were made during peak butterfly activity in the early mornings and late afternoons. Data collection involved visual identification and photographic documentation, with species confirmed using standard field guides. The conservation status of recorded species was determined using the IUCN Red List (Version 2022-1). The study documented 29 butterfly species representing five families: Nymphalidae (24.04%), Pieridae (22.79%), Papilionidae (21.52%), Lycaenidae (16.46%), and Hesperiidae (15.19%). Of these, 58.6% were categorized as Least Concern, while the rest were not listed under any IUCN category. Nymphalidae emerged as the most species-rich family, and the Grass Yellow (Eurema hecabe) showed the highest relative abundance. Common Emigrant (Catopsilia pomona) and Common Crow (Euploea core) were frequently encountered, whereas species like Crimson Rose (Atrophaneura hector) and Tailed Jay (Graphium agamemnon) were rare. This baseline survey highlights the value of urban green spaces and emphasizes the need for regular monitoring and conservation efforts in educational institutions and also promote conservation awareness among students and the local community