Gnanasanjevi G., Balasubramaniam P. and Gopishankar S.
Abstract
Agroecology integrates ecological principles into agriculture to enhance sustainability, biodiversity, and resilience while ensuring food security. By incorporating crop diversification, natural pest control, agroforestry, and soil conservation techniques, agro ecology mitigates environmental risks and reduces dependency on synthetic inputs. Agroecological practices improve food security by stabilizing agricultural productivity, enhancing soil fertility, and fostering localized food systems that reduce reliance on global supply chains. Strategies such as crop rotation, intercropping, and integrated pest management strengthen resilience against climate change and biodiversity loss. Global case studies highlight the effectiveness of agro ecological innovations, including the Dehesa agroforestry system in Spain, rice-fish farming in Thailand, and agro ecological corridors in Brazil, demonstrating their role in sustainable farming. Policy support, research, education, and community engagement are essential for widespread adoption. Governments must integrate agro ecology into agricultural policies, provide incentives, and promote farmer education to facilitate the transition. Advancing agroecology requires a collaborative effort among decision-makers, researchers, and farming communities to establish resilient, climate-adaptive food systems. Agroecology offers a transformative pathway toward a sustainable, equitable, and environmentally responsible agricultural future.