Sunaina A., Naithani P. and Rawat K.S.
Abstract
An essential component of managing, administering, and conserving aquatic environments is the assessment and tracking of water quality. To illustrate the difficulties, constraints, and requirements for RS technologyâs future integration into GIS mapping, this study examines the most recent developments in remotely sensed based investigations on water quality monitoring. Several studies underline the utilities of different remote sensing technologies (e.g., Landsat TM/ETM+, hyperspectral imagery, radar altimetry) in monitoring water quality constituentsâ turbidity, chlorophyll concentration, and sediment load. In this review, the revolution that remote sensing and GIS technologies have been highlighted, that have played crucial role in enhancing our ability to monitor water quality for improved catchment management practices which includes sustainable utilization of these critical resources. This scholarly review paper investigates the amalgamation of remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technologies for the proficient surveillance of water quality. It delineates a spectrum of remote sensing methodologies employed to evaluate critical water quality indicators, such as chlorophyll-á, turbidity, and thermal variations in water. The work accentuates the significance of both spatial and temporal fluctuations in water quality evaluations, underscoring the necessity for the integration of remote sensing data with in situ measurements. Furthermore, it confronts the challenges and limitations inherent in contemporary methodologies, suggesting prospective research trajectories for the augmentation of water quality management practices. This scholarly review paper examines the innovations in the surveillance of water quality through the utilization of remote sensing and GIS. It elucidates diverse methodologies adopted for the assessment of water parameters, encompassing temperature, turbidity, and chemical composition while leveraging satellite imagery and aerial data. The synthesis of remote sensing with GIS enhances spatial analysis and visualization, thereby facilitating the effective governance of water resources. The manuscript reviews case studies that illustrate the efficacy of these technologies in real-time monitoring and informed decision-making for sustainable water quality management.