Vandana Kachhwaha, Pooja Kumari, Naresh Giri and Pallavi Mishra
Abstract
This research demonstrates the significant effectiveness of charcoal derived from Aegle marmelos (Bael) leaves combined with calcium alginate beads in eliminating toxic heavy metals from synthetic wastewater. The findings from this study contribute to the reduction of water pollution. The highest removal efficiency was recorded for chromium (Cr) at pH 2 (88%), with a bio adsorbent dosage of 1 mg (86%), an initial metal concentration of 30 ppm (88%), and a contact duration of 40 minutes (89%). The study utilized the Langmuir isotherm model, which is well-suited for bioadsorption processes. The linear regression coefficient for the removal of Cr was calculated to be an R2 value of 0.9993. Additionally, pseudo-second-order kinetics proved to be a good fit for this bioadsorption process. In the kinetic analysis, the R2 value for Cr removal was found to be 0.9836. This research indicates that Bael leaves charcoal-calcium alginate beads effectively extract heavy metal ions.