L.R. Sathish Kumar, G. Anburaj and S. Vasantha
Abstract
The aim of the study is to evaluate the qualitative phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activity to determine the zone of inhibition of Cleome gynandra leaf extracts on some bacterial and fungal strains. Qualitative phytochemical analysis of Cleome gynandra plant extracts was performed to detect the presence of phyto-constituents namely alkaloids, flavonoids, phenol, tannin, cardiac glycosides, saponins, anthraquinones and terpenoids. Alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids were strongly found in acetone and chloroform extract similarly, phenols and saponins were strongly present in petroleum ether extracts. The microbial activity of leaf extracts of C. gynandra Linn was evaluated for potential antimicrobial activity against important bacterial and fungal strains. The acetone extract exhibited much greater inhibition on Bacillus cereus (14.3±3.7 mm), Staphylococcus aureus (12.6±3.0 mm) followed by Staphylococcus haemoilyticus (9.3±1.5 mm) and Klebsiella oxytoca (9.0±1.0 mm). Less inhibitions were noted against Serratia marcescens (5.0±4.3mm). In chloroform extract moderate inhibition on Staphylococcus haemoilyticus and Serratia marcescens (8.0±1.0 mm), Bacillus cereus and Klebsiella oxytoca (7.33±0.57 mm). No inhibition zone in Staphylococcus aureus. The petroleum ether extract was responses only two bacteria (Figure 2) Staphylococcus aureus (9.33±1.5 mm), Bacillus cereus (8.33±0.57 mm) and other organism were not resistance. Similarly, various organic solvent leaf extract is tested against five fungal pathogens. The highest zone was measured in acetone leaf extract on Candida tropicalis (14±1.0 mm), chloroform extract on Cryptococcus neoformans (11.3±1.15 mm) and moderate inhibition were noted on Candida tropicalis (8.0±1.0 mm). Petroleum ether leaf extracts only effect on Aspergillus niger (7.0±0 mm) and Candida tropicalis (7.33±0.57 mm). The results showed that the notable inhibition of the bacterial growth was shown against the tested organisms. The microbial activity of the C. gynandra was due to the presence of various secondary metabolites. Hence, these plants can be used to discover bioactive compounds that may serve as leads in the development of new pharmaceuticals research activities.