Azram Tahoor
Abstract
Wetland ecosystems serve as transitional zones between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, where intricate interactions occur between abiotic and biotic components. This ecosystem provides services in provisioning, regulating, cultural and supporting. Despite their importance, wetlands face significant threats due to human induced activities, leading to a decline in both quality and quantity. This degradation, driven by urbanization, industrialization, and improper planning, results in water pollution, habitat loss, resource depletion, and exacerbates climate change. Global efforts, including policy frameworks, treaties, and conservation initiatives, aim to protect and restore wetlands. Indiaâs Wetlands (Conservation and Management) Rules, 2017, exemplify national efforts. Effective strategies include sustainable land use, wetland mitigation banking, financial incentives for local conservation, and educational and awareness programs.