PINKY, ANKITA SHARMA, NILOFAR KHAYYAM AND GAURAV DALELA
Abstract
This study focuses on understanding how the resistance pattern of bacteria causing UTI specifically Escherichia coli, to antibiotics has changed over two years (2022-2023) in patients attending hospital. UTIs, or urinary tract infections, are very common worldwide, and one of the main cause of UTI is E. coli. However, some strains of E. coli have become resistant to many antibiotics, making these infections harder to treat. This resistance is often due to the bacteria producing special enzymes called extended spectrum ?-lactamases (ESBL) and carbapenemase, which can break down and resist the effects of powerful antibiotics like third-generation cephalosporins and carbapenems. To assess the change in antibiotic sensitivity patterns in uropathogenic E. coli over 2 years (2022-2023), with special emphasis on ESBL producing E. coli. A retrospective study was done on 1328 urine samples received in the Department of Microbiology, RUHS-CMS, Jaipur from Jan 2022- Dec 2023 and examined as per standard protocols for culture and identification. Antibiotic susceptibility was performed by disc diffusion method as per CLSI guidelines. In 2022, out of 497 urine samples, 61 (12.27%) were positive for E. coli, 289 (58.14%) were sterile, and 126 (25.35%) had varied growths. In 2023, out of 831 samples, 103 (12.39%) were positive for E. coli, 484 (58.24%) were sterile, and 220 (26.47%) had varied growths. Resistance patterns showed an increase in Cotrimoxazole from 48.38% to 52.42%, Doxycycline from 40.32% to 65.04%, Ceftazidime from 59.67% to 81.55%, Ceftazidime + Clavulanic Acid from 17.74% to 48.54%, Cefoxitin from 22.58% to 41.74%, Nalidixic Acid from 64.51% to 71.84%, Imipenem from 8.06% to 23.30%, Nitrofurantoin from 3.22% to 17.47%, Amikacin from 8.06% to 10.67%, Cefepime from 11.29% to 22.33%, and Piperacillin + Tazobactam from 9.67% to 11%, while Cefotaxime showed a decrease from 54.83% to 49.51%. In 2022 out of 61, 22 were ESBL positive and in 2023 out of 103,44 were ESBL positive In this study isolated uropathogenic E. coli are multiple drug resistance (MDR) and ESBL resistetant, indicating a serious public health concern that needs to be addressed immediately and follow strictely anti-microbial stewardship to decrease ESBL resistance in UPEC.