Lalita, Sumit Saini, Sukham Madaan, Vishal Gandhi, Charan Singh and Parvesh Kumar
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a staple food for over half of the worldâs population and plays a crucial role in ensuring food security and supporting the livelihoods of millions. However, rice cultivation demands substantial water resources. The Direct Seeded Rice (DSR) technique is gaining popularity due to its lower input requirements and potential to enhance water productivity under limited soil moisture conditions. In Haryana, the Pusa 1121 rice variety dominates, covering more than 70% of the rice-growing area. A two year study conducted in 2022 and 2023 found that leaf folder incidence was significantly higher in transplanted rice compared to DSR during both the years. The average incidence of stem borers in transplanted rice was 4.88 in 2022 and 5.98 in 2023, while in DSR, it was 3.60 in 2022 and 4.90 in 2023. The most severe damage (white ears) occurred in the second half of October in both the years. Additionally, plant hopper populations were notably higher in transplanted rice than in DSR. Furthermore, grain yield was significantly higher in DSR compared to transplanted rice. To optimize yields and reduce pest pressure, it is recommended that management practices for DSR be implemented earlier than for the transplanted rice. This approach supports sustainable agriculture while conserving natural resources.