Nuntapol Vattanaprateep
Abstract
This study examines the current state of hazardous waste management in Thailand, focusing on the types of chemical hazardous wastes generated, disposal practices, compliance with regulations, and barriers to effective management. The findings reveal that toxic chemicals dominate the industrial sector, while improper disposal methods, such as landfilling and incineration, are commonly used. Compliance with hazardous waste regulations varies, with the healthcare sector showing the highest compliance, but significant noncompliance persists in other sectors. Economic factors, particularly the high cost of proper disposal, along with inadequate infrastructure and insufficient regulatory enforcement, are major barriers to effective waste management. Additionally, a lack of awareness and education, particularly in the agricultural sector, further hinders progress. The study highlights the need for strengthened regulations, improved infrastructure, and increased public education to address these challenges and ensure effective hazardous waste management in Thailand.