PRIYANKA KUNWAR RAO, RAKSHIT AMETA, SATISH K. AMETA AND SURESH C. AMETA
Abstract
The conversion of CO2 into valuable chemicals and fuels serves as a promising route for mitigating the greenhouse effect of CO2 and meeting energy demands. The carbon atom in CO2 molecule exhibits the highest oxidation state and CO2 itself with the CâO bond strength of 364 kJ/mol is chemically stable, so it is difficult to be activated and requires a large amount of energy to undergo conversion. In general, the reduction of CO2 can be carried out by chemical methods, including catalyzed hydrogenation reduction, photocatalytic reduction, thermochemical reduction, electrochemical reduction etc. Influenced by âartificial photosynthesisâ, different energy mimetic fuels such as formic acid, methane, etc. can be prepared by the reduction of carbon dioxide captured from the atmosphere while maintaining different reaction strategies, such as photocatalysis, and photo electrocatalysis. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has been recognized as a highly potent photo- as well as electrocatalyst for the CO2 reduction reaction (CRR), primarily due to its high chemical and thermal stability, low toxicity, cost-effectiveness, visible light absorption capacity, and ingeniously tunable synthetic routes as compared to other semiconductor platforms.