Rinti Roy, Atlanta Kalita, Prachujya Gogoi, Deepjyoti Medhi, Anindita Deka, Ponkaj Gogoi and Kandarpa Gayan
Abstract
Viscum album L. is an extremely specified perennial flowering plant that have evolved to live as parasites on their hostsâ aerial parts. This comprehensive review examines the biochemical constituents, traditional uses, and pharmacological properties of Viscum album L. (mistletoe), a hemi-parasitic plant of the Santalaceae family. The study synthesizes current research on the plantâs diverse phytochemical composition including lectins, viscotoxins, flavonoids, and polysaccharides. Traditional applications across various cultures are explored highlighting mistletoeâs historical significance in herbal medicine. The review presents an analysis of pharmacological aspects, focusing on its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, Immunomodulatory, and anticancer properties of Viscum album L. Particular attention is given to its potential in cancer therapy, cardiovascular health, and as an adjuvant in conventional treatments due to presence of various bioactive components. While the plant shows promise in several therapeutic areas the paper emphasizes the need for further research to elucidate specific mechanisms of action, optimize extraction and formulation processes, and conduct rigorous clinical trials. Despite the fact that mistletoe has detrimental effect on the host trees, this review concludes that Viscum album L. represents a significant area of pharmacological interest warranting continued exploration to realize its potential in modern medicine. Enhancing knowledge of the Viscum album L. host relationship can help manage infested forest plantations more effectively for the production of resources, biodiversity preservation, and protection of endangered species