Mamta Bisht, Pooja L.R., Pratibha Prakash and Pankaj Kumar Patel
Abstract
Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising approach for sustainable agriculture and water quality management, offering innovative solutions to enhance traditional practices and mitigate environmental challenges. Recent advances have focused on developing nano fertilizers, nano pesticides, and nano herbicides for controlled nutrient release, targeted pest control, and reduced environmental impact. Nano sensors enable real-time monitoring of soil and crop conditions, facilitating precision farming. Nanomaterials like metal oxides, polymeric nanocomposites, and carbon nanotubes enhance plant growth, disease resistance, and nutrient uptake while improving soil fertility. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of the applications of nanomaterials in these domains. It explores the role of nanotechnology in developing controlled-release nano fertilizers, nano pesticides, and nano herbicides for precision agriculture, reducing waste and minimizing environmental impact. In the realm of water treatment, the review examines the use of nano-adsorbents for efficient removal of heavy metals, dyes, and pharmaceutical compounds, as well as the application of nanomaterial membranes for filtration of viruses, bacteria, and organic pollutants. It also explores the role of nano photocatalysts in degrading organic contaminants through redox reactions.