Saiyed Sakilahemad, Vikesh Rami and Mahida Navghan
Abstract
Mangrove in tropical countries provide enormous ecological and economic services to coastal communities. The rate of mangrove decline is accelerating due to degradation resulting from agricultural expansion, aquaculture practices, tourism, urban development, and overexploitation. India experienced a 40% reduction in its mangrove area over the course of the last century. Consequently, it is imperative to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the status and trends of mangroves in the country. We assessed mangrove area trends in India from 1985 to 2021 and determined that the mean annual change during this period is 21.15 ñ 62.34 km2. Most states are experiencing growth in their land area, except for Andhra Pradesh, which has decreased by -4.95 ñ 10.32 km2, and Andaman and Nicobar, which has decreased by 2.41 ñ 42.22 km2. This review concentrates on evaluating the status and trends of mangrove areas in India, encompassing an analysis of the reasons for their depletion, as well as efforts in restoration and traditional conservation. The consequences of mangrove loss have been examined in relation to vulnerability to cyclones, hurricanes, sea water intrusion, tsunamis, and the broader context of climate change. Conserving, protecting, and restoring mangroves in India involves a multi-faceted approach that integrates policies, community involvement, scientific research, and sustainable practices. It highly focused on policy government, community engagement, scientific research and monitoring, Restoration and Rehabilitation and sustainable use of resources etc.