Gopal JI Singh, Shashi Pratap Shahi and Amit Kumar Singh
Abstract
The paper utilises autoregressive distributed lag bounds testing approach of cointegration to evaluate the causal relationship between carbon dioxide emissions, energy consumption and economic growth for BRICS nations. The F-statistic indicates evidence of long-run relationship between carbon dioxide emissions, energy consumption and economic growth for Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. The F-statistic shows evidence of long-run relationship between variables for China and South Africa and no cointegration is found for India, Brazil, and Russia. A positive long-run elasticity estimate of carbon dioxide emissions with respect to energy consumption is found for South Africa and a negative estimate for China, but both are statistically insignificant. A positive and relatively elastic long-run estimate of carbon dioxide emissions with respect to economic growth is found.