J.R. Patel and R.N. Kumar
Abstract
Pharmaceutical effluent poses a significant environmental and public health challenge due to its complex composition of organic and inorganic pollutants. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of advanced treatment methodologies for pharmaceutical effluent, with a focus on the integration of microbial degradation and physico-chemical processes. The isolation and characterization of microorganisms capable of efficiently degrading pharmaceutical waste are isolated and discussed. Additionally, recent advancements in physico-chemical treatment methods, including Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis elucidate qualitative and quantitative changes in effluent composition induced by microbial activity. The findings underscore the importance of integrating microbial-based solutions with physico-chemical treatments to develop sustainable wastewater treatment strategies for pharmaceutical effluent, ultimately contributing to environmental sustainability and public health protection.