Farzana Shamim and Barna Chakraborty
Abstract
This study meticulously evaluates the water quality parameters of the Hooghly River during the period spanning 2022 to 2023, specifically during high tide, with a particular focus on the locales of Kamarhati, Panihati, and Khardah. A comprehensive analysis encompassed both physico-chemical and biological parameters. The application of Pollution indices, notably the Water Quality Index (WQI) and Comprehensive Pollution Index (CPI), elucidates the water quality status at the selected sampling locations. Elevated E. coli levels (Kamarhati: 10000, Panihati: 15000, Khardah: 20000), turbidity, and total suspended solids exceeded WHO and BIS standards, categorizing the river as slightly polluted (CPI: Kamarhati-0.67, Panihati-0.68, Khardah-0.59), rendering the water unsuitable for consumption (WQI > 100). Low dissolved oxygen levels (1.9-2.4 mg/l) and significant microbial contamination (coliform: 10000-20000 MPN) underline the urgent need for targeted interventions. While pH, temperature, and DO levels suggested a stable aquatic environment, elevated TDS, TSS, and E. coli concentrations signify potential pollution sources, necessitating immediate water treatment. Moderate levels of BOD and COD indicate a manageable organic pollutant load, and nitrate and nitrite within permissible limits are positive.