Ecology, Environment and Conservation Paper

PROVISION OF MOISTURE AND PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVITY OF OIL FLAX CROPS AT DIFFERENT SEEDING TIMES AND SEEDING RATES

Dinara Bulatovna Zhamalova, Saniya Abiltaevna Tulkubayeva, Marat Bulatovich Tashmukhamedov, Altynay Burkhatovna Abuova, Kuantai Aubakirovich Aubakirov4 and Almabek Batyrzhanovich Nugmanov

Abstract

Experimental studies were conducted from 2012 to 2014 in the Kostanay Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture (Republic of Kazakhstan). In the experiment was studied the periods of sowing of flax for oilseeds – the 2nd decade of May; the third decade of May and the first decade of June and seeding rates–6.5; 7.0 and 7.5 million viable seeds/ha. The purpose of the research is to reveal the most rational methods of cultivation of oil flax under the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan on the basis of the analysis of indicators of moisture supply and photosynthetic activity of crops. Assessment of the effective use of oil flax by plants and water consumption has great importance. The best coefficient of water consumption showed the second period of sowing – 20.5 mm/c. According to the seeding rates, the formation of the optimal stem density increased the efficiency of the use of moisture. It was noted that moisture was most rationally used when sowing a norm of 7.0 million viable seeds/ha (17.2-18.2 mm/c). The main process that determinesthe productivity of oil flax plants is the photosynthetic activity of crops. The parameters of photosynthetic activity of oil flax plants were studied by the method of the photosynthesis laboratory of the Institute of Plant Physiology. In 2014, there was a significant increase in the photosynthetic potential in all versions of the experiment, compared with the previous years of research. Its largest values were formed in the same way as in 2012-2013, when sowing during the second period with a seeding rate of 7.0 million viable seeds/ ha – 906.2, which exceeded the values of the same characteristics in 2012 by 183.1 thousand m2/ha×day, in 2013 – by 223.2 thousand m2/ha×day, respectively.