Ecology, Environment and Conservation Paper

A REVIEW OF LITERATURE ON EFFECTS OF FLY ASH ON VARIOUS LIVING ORGANISMS

Mukesh Kumar, Geetanjali Mishra, Shikha Shrivastava and Alka Mishra

Abstract

Fly ash is emitted from the thermal power plants as a by-product and is stored in specially constructed ash dykes. The coal fly ash is totally inorganic material and contrary for any living organisms. The fly ash having many elements, including heavy metals, ions and oxides, fly ash contains Arsenic, Cadmium, Zinc, Chromium, Cobalt and lead, The Rattus rattus also known as the roof rat, ship rat or house rat. Because of the most similarity and homology in between genomes of rodents and human beings make these animal models a major tool to understand the conditions which affects humans and which can be simulated in rats Diemen, et al., (2006). The liver is the most important and second largest organ in the body. It is known as the “chemical factory,” of the body because it controls the level of most of the biomolecules and medicines that are present in the blood, The reaction of the coal fly ash inhalation for 4 hours daily and for 5 days in a week for 28 days on the accumulation of elements, ions, metal and histopathological alterations in the liver and serum enzymes has been studied by Mani et al., (2007). Fish Cirrhinus mrigala exposed in different concentration of thermal power plant’s effluent to assess the biochemical activities like total protein and enzymes acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferases, and alanine aminotransferase. Total protein and aspartate aminotransferases, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase level increased in liver, kidney and muscle tissue shows stress condition in fish. These compounds change the water quality and in turn the aquatic fauna like fish and their behaviour. Changes in water quality parameters may also be deleterious to the aquatic plants and consequently indirectly affects the native fish population.