Ecology, Environment and Conservation Paper

BIO REMEDIAL PROCESS: A REVIEW ON REMOVAL OF FLUORIDE FROM THE WASTE WATER

Sahil Sharma, Alifia Ibkar, Danish Javid, Neha Sharma, Kashish Bhatia, Manmath Prasad Panda, Kamil Khan, Prachika Rajput and Anupama Rajput

Abstract

Ground water has always been an important and most dependable source of water since prehistoric ages, but with rapid industrialization to meet the needs of growing population has stressed the ground water reservoir. Stress to ground water reservoir is just one problem; industrial waste has also introduced lots of new chemical substances in water bodies. Fluorides are one such pollutant that undermines living life forms especially human beings .There are primarily two sources of fluoride contamination in ground water. Geogenic sources and anthropogenic sources. Talking about the status of fluoride contamination it can be seen in more than 25 countries worldwide. In India itself 19 states and at least 132 districts have witnessed the problem of water contamination, Fluoride contamination is also impacting the health of people adversely. Diseases like skeletal fluorosis, non –skeletal fluorosis, and dental fluorosis are the most common health problem from fluoride contamination .Due to fluoride contamination diseases in plants like Chlorosis, Necrosis is impacting plant body. Thus, to remove fluorine contamination from water we can use bioremediation process. Bioremediation strategies can be classified mainly in two categories in – situ techniques and ex –situ techniques. Its mode of action primarily includes use of microbes in processing the fluoride contamination. This shows that bioremediation has lots of advantages like it’s a natural process, cost effective etc. But it too have some disadvantages like they are highly specific and it takes longer time etc. Considering all the merits and demerits of bioremediation, it is the most effective technological tool that holds great value for the future as scientists learn more about its capabilities and the curiosity to find more appropriate methods are still going on. This review article deals with ground water pollution due to fluoride concentration. We have thoroughly reviewed on its impact on health of plants and animals and the bioremediation processes to cure the water contamination