Ecology, Environment and Conservation Paper

A PHYSIOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF THE DATES NUCLEUS EXTRACTION ON THE BIOLOGICAL EFFICACY OF PENICILLIUM DIGITATUM FUNGUS

Diyar Sagban Alwan, Salam Abbas Hussein Alamery and Surahasan Jumaah

Abstract

Penicillium digitatum are best-known and greatly studied molds of the genus Penicillium. In the present study, the fungus Penicillium digitatum were allowed to grow on the potato dextrose agar (PDA) and potato dextrose broth (PDB) with and without nucleus dates. The secreted secondary metabolites were identified from the broth by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Two compounds were identified in the GCMS analysis. Octadecadienoic acid (methyl ester) and cis-13 octadecadienoic acid (methyl ester) were showed identification peak at retention time 36.235 and 36.719, respectively. Total 13 compounds were isolated from the nucleus dates media grown P. digitatum viz. Furfural; 2-furanmethanol; 4H-pyran-4- one, 3,5-dihydroxy-2-methyl; 4H-pyran-4-one, 3,5-dihydroxy-2-methylthiouracil; 4H-pyran-4-one, 3,5-dihydroxy-2-methylthiouracil; 4H-pyran-4-one, 3,5-dihydroxy-2-methyl; 5-hydroxyethylfurfural benzene- 1,2,3,4-tetraol; 5-hydroxymethylfurfural thocyanic acid, 2-propynyl ester 2,4 – hexadienedioic acid 5- hydroxymethylfurfural; 5-hydroxymethylfurfural; 9-octadecadienoic acid (2) - methyl ester) and 9- octadecadienoic acid (2) - methyl ester). Furfural is one of the most important compound that were identified in the present study. The broth of kernel date with P. digitatum showed less numbers secondary metabolites than the broth of kernel date alone. Also, both the broth showed different metabolites. This may be some of the secondary metabolites were utilized for the growth and development of the fungus which leads to synthesize the new different metabolites.