MOLECULAR STUDY OF THE PREVALENCE OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION AND ITS RESISTANCE TO ANTIBIOTICS IN CONSTANTINE, ALGERIASAMIHA MEHASNI, YACINE BENHIZIA, CHAFIA BENTCHOUALA, MUSTAPHA BOUMENDJEL, BADREDDINE BOUSSAFSAF, KAMEL HANNACHE AND DALILA SATTAAbstract Infection with Helicobacter pylori is common worldwide and a significant cause of gastroduodenal diseases. Resistance to antibiotics is the main reason for failure of H. pylori eradication. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of H. pylori infection and determine the strainsâresistance to clarithromycin and fluoroquinolones by using molecular methods for the first time in Constantine, Eastern Algeria. A prospective study was carried out between April 2013 and December 2015. Gastric biopsy samples were obtained from adult patients submitted to upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Biopsies were sent to the French National Reference Center for Campylobacters and Helicobacters in Bordeaux, France, where they were tested by real-time PCR for detection of H. pylori infection and resistance to clarithromycin using a fluorescence resonance energy transfer-melting curve analysis (FRET-MCA) protocol. For detection of point mutations associated with resistance to fluoroquinolones, PCR and sequencing were performed. Prevalence of H. pylori infection was 63.7%, primary resistance to clarithromycin: 18.6%, and primary resistance to fluoroquinolones: 6%. Based on these results of primary resistance to clarithromycin, the recommendation is to abandon the standard clarithromycin-based triple therapy as a first-line treatment. Instead, new therapeutic strategies, including other antibiotics such as levofloxacin, are now being suggested as an alternative treatment.
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