Ecology, Environment and Conservation Paper

USING THE METHOD OF ELECTROPHORESIS IN FARMING SEEDS OF BARLEY VARIETIES OF GRADE ODESSA 100

Lyudmila Ivanovna Yakubyshina, Anastasia Afonasyevna Kazak* and Yury Pavlovich Loginov

Abstract

In recent decades, farms in the region have been facing decreases in soil fertility. Introduction of organic and mineral fertilizers has reduced sharply. At the end of last century, 10 t/ha of organic fertilizers and 83 kg of mineral fertilizers per hectare of arable land were introduced on the average. Currently, 10 t/ha of organic fertilizers, and 30 kg of mineral fertilizers per hectare are introduced. Chalking of acid soils and gypsuming of sodic soils have been minimized. Due to the reasons above, most farms in the region (65- 70%) have medium efficiency in farming. However, during the state variety test, intensive varieties are still preferred, which in the farms with medium efficiency in farming ensure the possible yield of 30-40%, thus, ecology-plastic varieties of the semi-intensive type are needed. The Odessa 100, which consists of two biotypes, belongs to such varieties. Studying varieties Acha (standard) and Odessa 100 by various predecessors showed the advantage of the latter variety in terms of the yield and grain quality over the standard by the grain predecessor. Biotypes of the Odessa 100 variety are similar in terms of morphological traits, but differ in biological properties, which advantageously complement each other. The successful blend of the first and second biotypes ensures ecological plasticity and stability of the variety. During seed farming of grade Odessa 100, it is important to keep the 50:50% biotypes ratio in the seeding. Otherwise, the variety will start deteriorating. In primary seed farming, it is necessary to separately multiply each biotype, and during the production of super elite seeds, to combine them in equal amounts. The genetic stability of the grade should be monitored with the use of the method of electrophoresis of reserve protein, gliadin.