HEAVY CRUDE OIL AND ITS RECOVERY TECHNIQUESA. SIVASAKTHI AND T. NAGALAKSHMAbstract Heavy oil is highly viscous with high density and specific gravity. The world resources of heavy oilb and bitumen (8,901 BBL) are thrice or more than that of the conventional light oil (1,697.6 BBL). Heavy oil production plays a significant role in energy consumption when there is an elevation in crude oil price. There is a major difficulty in the recovery and transportation of heavy oil due to its characteristics and physical properties. The recovery factor is frequently limited to 5-30%. High API gravity of heavy oil makes the conventional recovery methods inappropriate. This review article mainly focuses on the heavy oil and the commercially employed thermal recovery techniques in India and globally.
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