FORMULATION OF WATER-BASED DRILLING FLUID USING
LOCAL MATERIALS
FRANCIS D. UDOH AND ANIETIE N. OKON
Abstract
In a quest to provide a substitute for foreign bentonite as a drilling fluid in the oil and gas
industry in Nigeria, local clay was obtained from Ewet-Offot, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Water-based
mud was formulated from the clay after its properties were determined and compared with those of
bentonite, the clay of choice for drilling operations. The results obtained show that there was a
significant difference in the formulated drilling fluids rheological properties and the pH values when
compared to those of bentonite. This is as a result of low concentration of sodium cations (Na++) which
hinders its swelling tendency as well as clay water attraction. When beneficiated with soda ash
(Na2CO3) and sweet potato starch at a concentration of 5.0g and 50g respectively to 350mL of the local
mud, the muds pH value increased by 70% from an initial value of 5.65 to 9.60 while the apparent
viscosity, yield point and plastic viscosity increased by 229%, 200% and 250% respectively. With the
addition of barite (BaSO4) content of 10g to 350mL of the formulated drilling fluid, the clay density
improved by 7% from an initial value of 8.60lb/gal to 9.20lb/gal. Therefore, at considerable
concentration, the Ewet-Offot clay exhibits good rheological properties that would compare favourably
with those of bentonite when beneficiated with soda ash (Na2CO3) and sweet potato starch. Meaning,
a possible drilling fluid could be formulated from Ewet-Offot clay.
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