RESPONSE OF PLANT DEFENSE MECHANISM TO HEAVY METAL STRESSAmeeta Sharma, Ritu Kedia and ParmilaAbstract In the present scenario, heavy metals stress, their bioaccumulation and bio-magnification in the environment have become a predicament for all humans and plants. Heavy metal toxicity can have damaging levels of interactions with many cellular bio-molecules like DNA and nuclear proteins which in turn causes extreme increase of reactive oxygen species. This inflicts serious morphological, metabolic, and physiological incongruity in plants. To counteract this heavy metal stress, plants are outfitted with a gamut of mechanisms. The major components of these are phytochelatins, metallothioneins metal complex both at the inter-cellular and intra-cellular levels. Proline which are synthesized Non-enzymatically are capable of strengthening metal-detoxification capacity of intra-cellular antioxidant enzymes. All of them can boost antioxidant activities of defense machinery of plants.
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