ACCUMULATIONS OF HEAVY METALS IN SOME SELECTED PLANT
PARTS (RICE GRAINS, RICE HUSKS, PAPAYA FRUITS AND TEA
LEAVES) COLLECTED FROM CRUDE OIL CONTAMINATED SITES IN
ASSAMA
Mukut Kalita, K G Bhattacharyya and Arundhuti Devi
Abstract
In an oil field oil from the wells is pumped to Group Gathering Stations (GGS) where the oil undergoes
some treatment and is stored for transporting to refineries. A large number of contaminants including
heavy metals enter into the nearby agricultural fields of a GGS through spills, leaks as well as through
emissions from gas flaring and from effluents which are likely to pollute the environment. Plants can take
up heavy metals from air and water as well as from soil and sediment. Excess concentrations of heavy
metals in plants are toxic to both plants and animals. We investigated heavy metal accumulation in plants
at crude oil contaminated sites near the five well-known GGSs, i.e., Rudrasagar GGS1, Rudrasagar GGS2,
Lakowa GGS1, Lakowa GGS3 and Lakowa GGS9 operated by the Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited
in Assam. Rice grains, papaya fruits and tea leaves in crude oil contaminated areas and uncontaminated
areas were sampled. The concentrations of seven heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Ni and V) in rice
grains, rice husks, papaya fruits, and tea leaves for different locations were determined. Soil samples were
also taken (at 0-45 cm depth) for the measurement of total petroleum hydrocarbon content. Variation in
heavy metal accumulation in a plant part depending upon the growth sites was studied. Results indicated
that the concentrations of heavy metals in the plants increased with the increase in crude oil contamination
of the growth sites. Substantial differences in the abilities of various plant species to accumulate the heavy
metals were also observed. In the plant samples, the element wise variations in metal concentrations were
found to be very complicated. Our results indicate that the consumption of rice grown in contaminated
soils may pose a serious risk to human health.
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