Ecology, Environment and Conservation Paper

Vol. 19 Issue 04, 2013; Page No.(1269-1276)

VIRULENCE FACTORS AND BIOFILM FORMATION IN AEROMONAS AND VIBRIO SPECIES FROM COASTAL SOURCES

Olumide Adedokun Odeyemi

Abstract

Seventy percent of the earth is occupied by oceans. Forty percent of the world inhabitants are living along the coastline of the oceans. Marine microorganisms have been associated with various processes in the ocean with 50% of global primary production occurring in the ocean and carried out by marine bacterial metabolisms of chemical elements. Divers infectious diseases affecting both human and animals originate from aquatic sources especially water and sediment most of which occur in developing countries as a result ofindustrial and anthropogenic activities in coastal areas while the level of contamination influences pathogenicity of the prevailing pathogenscontamination. Aeromonasand Vibriospecies are aquatic microorganisms and share similar characteristics. They cause diseases in both human and aquatic animals. They are also prevalent in coastal areas. Virulence factors are utilized by bacteria to escape host immune system, to establish diseases and resist antibiotics. Most common virulence factors among bacteria include protease, lysis of red blood cells, motility, and biofilm formation. There has been a global increase in emerging and re-emergence of virulence bacteria species. Among the key factors attributed to this trend is resistance to antibiotics, possession of new virulence genes through horizontal gene transfer from the environment or bacterial stress. Study on Aeromonasand Vibriospecies has grown widely in the past decades due to unusual antibiotics resistance and virulence factors displayed by these bacteria hence comparative study on the occurrence, prevalence, putative virulence factors and antibiotics resistance of Aeromonasand Vibrio species is therefore required.

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