Ecology, Environment and Conservation Paper

SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY OF VISHAKAPATNAM CITY USING GIS AND RS TECHNIQUES

D. Vijaya Kumar

Abstract

This paper pertains to Quality Analyses and also spatial variation in ground water Quality with the GIS & RS techniques of Visakhapatnam city, Andhra Pradesh state, India. This District is in the southern part. Rainfall in the region occurs during the period of June to November, and the other part of the year is dry. The analysis of ground water for the city has become the need of the day in order to supply “pure” water. The analysis includes the study of spatial and temporal variations of quality of ground water in the region. The ground water samples were collected from all 72 wards of the Visakhapatnam city. Taking representative samples from each ward these were analyzed in the laboratory for Physics-Chemical parameters. The results are used for inter elemental correlation analysis, which indicated some of the element showing good correlation. By using GIS based Map Overlay technique, various thematic maps were generated showing the distribution of concentrations of chemical parameters in different wards. The water Quality parameters were depicted by various color combinations for different ranges of Concentrations. The average results of various parameters like PH, TDS, and total hardness, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Fe, NO3, Cl, SO4 respectively were 7.82, 1420.62 μmhos/cm, 220 mg/L, 128 mg, 80 mg/L, 92 mg/L, 0.09 mg/L, 0.05/L, 40 mg/L, 240 mg/l, 60 mg/L Groundwater quality map showed the poor quality of Groundwater, primarily due to its hardness. Digital Elevation Model and other statistical parameters were also studied.