ENERGETICS OF RICE UNDER DIFFERENT LAND LEVELING PRACTICES AND ESTABLISHMENT METHODSS.M.S. Ramya, N. Mahesh, P. Revathi and B. RajuAbstract A field experiment was conducted during the Rabi season (November to April) 2020-2021 at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Jagtial, PJTSAU, Telangana state, India with an objective to study the energetic of rice under different land levelling practices and establishment methods. The treatments include three land levelling practices as main plot treatments viz., laser land levelling (M1), conventional levelling (M2) and unlevelled (M3) and four sub-plot treatments viz., Semi dry rice (S1), Wet direct seeding (S2), Conventional transplanting (S3) and Machine transplanting (S4) in strip plot design and replicated thrice. Experimental results revealed that the laser and leveling was found to be more energy efficient with energy use efficiency of 3.45 compared to conventional leveling (2.86) and unleveled field (2.80). Similarly, the maximum energy productivity of 0.14 kg MJ-1 and profitability of 2.45 were recorded with laser land levelling. Under laser land levelling, the reduced specific energy (0.52MJ kg-1) indicated a lower energy requirement to achieve unit grain production. Among the establishment methods conventional transplanting recorded maximum energy use efficiency (4.09), energy efficiency ratio (2.47), energy productivity (0.17) and energy profitability (3.09) and was significantly superior to machine transplanting, wet direct seeding and semi dry rice. While, the minimum specific energy was recorded with conventional transplanting (0.41 MJ Kg-1) over other establishment methods. |