SPATIO-TEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF MANGROVE FORESTS IN SURABAYA FROM 1996 THROUGH 2016Sumarmi, Purwanto and Tuti MutiaAbstract Surabaya is one of the fastest growing cities in Indonesia. There is rapid development in eastern Surabaya from year to year. This research aimed to identify the expansion of mangrove forests in the last 20 years (1996-2016) based on the data of remote sensing and Geographic Information System, to determine the zoning of mangrove in Surabaya to decrease the effects of global warming, identify the government role and community participation in mangrove conservation in Surabaya. This research was survey research which was designed by using remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) approach. The remote sensing data in the form of Landsat and Quickbird satellite imagery were utilized to identify temporary changes in mangrove forests in the last 20 year period. The results of the study showed that in 1996, the mangrove forests were changed into 1,231 km2, expanded to 3,3039 Km2 in 2001, 2,872 in 2006, 4,484 Km2 in 2011, and 9,459 Km2 in 2016. Second, there was both negative (declining) and positive changes in mangrove forests. The narrowing mangrove area was caused by the expansion of Juanda airport, residential area, industrial area, and so on. The mangrove forests expanded to the direction of the Brantas estuary which expanded along with the sediment distribution to the Northern part of the east coast. Third, the mangrove conservation was done through business communities. Tourists were invited to plant mangrove directly. Besides, there was also an involvement of local government through the establishment of the local governmental regulation year 2008 regarding protected areas of 338 meters from the seaside. |