INTEGRATED PROCESS OF ETHANOL PRODUCTION FROM SOLID WASTE OF ARENGA PINNATA USING ACID-ORGANOSOLV PRETREATMENT, ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS AND FERMENTATIONTRI WIDJAJA, ALI ALTWAY, LILY PUDJIASTUTI, ANASTASIA SANDRA DEWI, RICHIE ANDYLLO STEVANUS, MARIA AMELIA SANDRA, BAYU GUSDYARTOAbstract Solid waste of Arenga pinnata (SWAP) is one of the most abundant lignocellulosic biomass which has not been used optimally. In this study, an integrated process of pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation using single culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and with Pichia stipitis addition for ethanol production from SWAP was proposed. In the acid pretreatment, dilute H2SO4 was used of 1-5% (v/v) at 127 °C for 60 min. Organosolv pretreatment using 51.29% (v/v) ethanol was caried out for 40, 65, and 90 min to increase the delignification of SWAP. Enzymatic hydrolysis by cellulase and mixture of cellulase and xylanase with Tween 80 or PEG 4000 addition as surfactants has been performed. As the result, the best delignification (98.73%) was obtained from dilute acid pretreatment (5% (v/v) of H2SO4) followed by organosolv pretreatment for 65 min. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) showed that the pretreatment time has a significant effect on the delignification process (P < 0.005). Enzymatic hydrolysis using a mixture of cellulase and xylanase with the addition of Tween 80 resulted in the best total reducing sugar concentration. Fermentation with a co-culture of S. cerevisiae and P. stipitis produced the higher ethanol concentration than that in single culture, which the ethanol yield was 0.33 g ethanol/g total reducing sugar.
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